The Parisian club has now won the prestigious cup on fourteen separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and secure a fourth straight Trophee des Champions title.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the net in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille fired two times late to take a shock advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial leveler in the dying seconds to send the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping crucial attempts from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 penalty win.
Now 14-time winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the past 13 seasons.